The origin of Navruz dates back to the ancient Persian Empire and the Zoroastrian calendar, where this day was considered one of the most sacred of the year and symbolized the rebirth of nature. Navruz marks the first day of the Iranian calendar and the beginning of spring. It gained official status in the Achaemenid Empire as a religious celebration of Zoroastrianism, with roots extending more than three thousand years into the past. This ancient festival continues to be celebrated widely, even after the Islamic conquests, and remains significant to this day. In modern times, Navruz is celebrated on March 20 or 21, coinciding with the spring equinox.
The word "Navruz" translates to "new day," and its spelling and pronunciation can vary depending on the country. Navruz unites the cultural traditions of Iran, Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Balkans, and many other regions. It represents a rich tapestry of customs, traditions, and shared values that manifest in respect for nature, family, and the unity of peoples. A sense of joy and renewal enters every home, bringing with it hope for the future, while the symbolism of Navruz inspires celebrations of life and strengthens connections among individuals.
Nowruz is, first and foremost, a holiday of agriculture, symbolizing the awakening of the earth, hope for a rich harvest, the triumph of light over darkness, renewal and is associated with the beginning of the season of growth and prosperity.
The festival of spring and the renewal of nature is celebrated by representatives of various cultures, reflecting a shared aspiration for peace, unity, and prosperity. The international recognition of Navruz by UNESCO and the United Nations underscores its significance as an important cultural phenomenon in the modern world. In 2009, UNESCO included Navruz in its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, highlighting its deep cultural significance and its role in fostering understanding among different peoples.
In 2010, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed March 21 as the International Day of Navruz, encouraging its celebration at the international level and emphasizing its key themes—peace, unity, and renewal.
Over the centuries, Navruz has undergone significant changes, evolving into a secular celebration that now symbolizes not only the awakening of nature but also the unity of people. In Uzbekistan, preparations for this important ancient festival begin in the early days of spring. Across the country, in both villages and cities, cleanliness is emphasized as streets are transformed into festive venues. In the lead-up to Navruz, folk celebrations, festivals, contests, concerts, theatrical performances, and quizzes take place, attracting residents and visitors alike with a diverse array of events and activities. 
This holiday fills the air with laughter, music, and joy, bringing communities together in a jubilant spirit.
Parks and squares become centers of celebration, hosting fairs filled with handcrafted goods and local delicacies.
Delights made from sprouted wheat have adorned festive spring tables for millennia, steeped in numerous tales, legends, beliefs, and traditions. The preparation of sumalak is a remarkable ritual in which only women participate. This treat is made from freshly squeezed juice of sprouted wheat, flour, and vegetable oil. The entire cooking process takes a whole day. At night, around a large cauldron, songs and stories fill the air, as each woman stirs the sumalak while making her most cherished wishes.
Good sumalak has a glossy surface and is sweet without any added sweeteners, thanks to the sucrose and lactose contained in the sprouted wheat. If you find a river pebble in your bowl, which are put in the cauldron to prevent the sumalak from burning, keep it – it's said it promise good luck. A special moment occurs when observing the mysterious pattern that forms on the surface of the cauldron at the very end of the cooking process. The next morning, sumalak is lovingly distributed to relatives and friends, generously sharing a piece of warmth, joy and good wishes, filling each home with an atmosphere of celebration and spring renewal.
Particular attention is given to competitions among folk wits, singers, and storytellers, who convey the wisdom and culture of their ancestors through the art of verbal expression.
Navruz is a time when every person can feel like part of a large, united family, reestablishing their connection with nature and the traditions of their ancestors. Navruz symbolizes humanity's unquenchable desire for peace and prosperity. It brings inspiration and hope for a better future, reminding us of the importance of the relationship among nations. There is a belief that how a person spends the days of Navruz celebration will determine how he will live the entire coming year.
